Painting is that Pleasant, Innocent Amusement. But ’tis More ; ’tis of great Use, as being one of the means whereby we convey our Ideas to each other, and which in some respects has the Advantage of all the rest. And thus it must be rank’d with These, and accordingly esteem’d not only as an Enjoyment, but as another Language, which completes the whole Art of communicating our Thoughts ; one of those particulars which raises the Dignity of Human Nature so much above the Brutes ; and which is the more considerable, as being a Gift bestowed but upon a Few even of our own Species.

The Pleasure that Painting, as a Dumb Art, gives us, is like what we have from Musick ; its beautiful Forms, Colours and Harmony, are to the Eye what Sounds, and the Harmony of that kind are to the Ear ; and in both we are delighted in observing the Skill of the Artist in proportion to It, and our own Judgment to discover it.

I am sorry the Great, and Principal End of the Art has hitherto been so little Consider’d ; I don’t mean by Gentlemen only, or by Low, Pretended Connoisseurs, But by those who ought to have gone higher, and to have Taught Others to have Followed them. ‘tis no Wonder if many who are accustom’d to Think Superficially look on Pictures as they would on a Piece of Rich Hangings ; Or if such as These, (and some Painters among the rest) fix upon the Pencil, the Colouring, or perhaps the Drawing, and some little Circumstantial Parts in the Picture, or even the just Representation of common Nature, without penetrating into the Idea of the Painter, and the Beauties of the History, or Fable. I say ‘tis no wonder if this so frequently happens when those whether Ancients or Moderns, who have wrote of Painting, in describing the Works of Painters in their Lives, or on other occasions have very rarely done any more ; Or in order to give us a Great Idea of some of the Best Painters have told us such Silly Stories as that of the Curtain of Parrhasius which deceiv’d Zeuxis, of the small lines one upon the other in the Contention between Apelles and Protogenes, (as I remember, ‘tis no matter of whom the Story goes) of the Circle of Giotto, and such like ; Trifles, which if a Man were never so expert at without going many degrees higher he would not be worthy the name of a Painter, much less of being remembred by Posterity with Honour.
‘tis true there are some Kinds of Pictures which can do no more than Please, as ‘tis the Case of some Kinds of Writings ; but one may as well say a Library is only for Ornament, and Ostentation as a Collection of Pictures, or Drawings. If That is the Only End, I am sure ‘tis not from any Defect in the Nature of the Things themselves.
I repeat it again, and would inculcate it, Painting is a fine piece of Workmanship ; ‘tis a Beautiful Ornament, and as such gives us Pleasure ; But over and above this We PAINTERS are upon the Level with Writers, as being Poets, Historians, Philosophers and Divines, we Entertain, and Instruct equally with Them. This is true and manifest beyond dispute whatever Mens Notions have been ;

To wake the Soul by tender Strokes of Art,
To raise the Genius, and to mend the Heart.
Mr. Pope.

is the business of Painting as well as of Tragedy.

And thus too it is seen that Drawings (generally speaking) are Preferrable to Paintings, as having those Qualities which are most Excellent in a Higher Degree than Paintings generally have, or can possibly have, and the Others (excepting only Colouring) Equally with them. There is a Grace, a Delicacy, a Spirit in Drawings which when the Master attempts to give in Colours is commonly much diminish’d, both as being a sort of Coppying from those First Thoughts, and because the Nature of the Thing admits of no better.

PAINTING is indeed a Difficult Art, productive of Curious pieces of Workmanship, and greatly Ornamental ; and its Business is to represent Nature. Thus far the Common Idea is just ; Only that ‘tis More Difficult, More Curious, and More Beautifull than is Commonly Imagin’d.
‘Tis an entertaining thing to the Mind of Man to see a fine piece of Art in Any kind ; and every one is apt to take a sort of Pride in it as being done by one of his Own Species, to whom with respect to the Universe he stands related as to one of the Same Countrey, or the Same Family. Painting affords us a great Variety of This kind of Pleasure in the Delicate, or Bold management of the Pencil ; in the mixture of its Colours, in the Skilful Contrivance of the several parts of the Picture, and infinite Variety of the Tincts, so as to produce Beauty, and Harmony. This alone gives great Pleasure to those who have learn’d to see these things. To see Nature justly represented is very Delightfull, (supposing the Subject is well chosen) It gives us pleasing Ideas, and Perpetuates, and Renews them ; [ndr : le terme Pleasing doit être ajouté ici, cf l’errata présent au début de l’ouvrage] whether by their Novelty, or Variety ; or by the consideration of our own Ease, and Safety, when we see what is Terrible in themselves as Storms, and Tempests, Battels, Murthers, Robberies, &c. Or else when the Subject is Fruit, Flowers, Landscapes, Buildings, Histories, and above all our Selves, Relations, or Friends.
Thus far the Common Idea of Painting goes, and this would be enough if these Beauties were seen, and consider’d as they are to be found in the Works of the Best Masters (whether in Paintings, or Drawings) to recommend the Art. But This is such an Idea of it as it would be of a Man to say He has a Graceful, and Noble Form, and performs many Bodily Actions with great Strength, and Agility, without taking his Speech, and his Reason into the Account.
The Great, and Chief Ends of Painting are to Raise, and Improve Nature ; and to Communicate Ideas ; not only Those which we may receive Otherwise, but Such as without this Art could not possibly be Communicated ; whereby Mankind is advanced higher in the Rational State, and made Better ; and that in a Way, Easy, Expeditious, and Delightful.
The business of Painting is not only to represent Nature, but to make the Best Choice of it ; Nay to Raise, and Improve it from what is Commonly, or even Rarely Seen, to what never Was, or Will be in Fact, tho’ we may easily conceive it Might be.

Painting is another sort of Writing, and is subservient to the Same Ends as that of her younger Sister ; That by Characters can communicate Some Ideas which the Hieroglyphic kind cannot, As This in other respects supplies its Defects ;
And the Ideas thus convey’d to us have This advantage, They come not by a Slow Progression of Words, or in a Language peculiar to One Nation only ; but with such a Velocity, and in a Manner so Universally understood that ‘tis something like Intuition, or Inspiration ; As the Art by which ‘tis effected resembles Creation ; Things so considerable, and of so great a Price, being produced out of Materials so Inconsiderable, of a Value next to nothing.
What a Tedious thing would it be to describe by Words the View of a Countrey (that from Greenwhich hill for instance) and how imperfect an Idea must we receive from hence ! Painting shews the thing Immediately, and Exactly. No words can give you an Idea of the Face, and Perfon of one you have never seen ; Painting does it Effectually ; with the addition of so much of his Character as can be known from thence ; and moroever in an instant recalls to your memory, at least the most Considerable particulars of what you have heard concerning him, or occasions that to be told which you have never heard.

As the Poets, so the Painters have stor’d our Imaginations with Beings, and Actions that never were ; they have given us the Finest Natural, and Historical Images, and that for the same End, to Please, whilst they Instruct, and make men Better. I am not dispos’d to carry on the Parallel, by descending to Particulars, nor is it my Present business : Mr. Dryden has done it, tho’ it were to be wish’d he had been in less Haste, and had understood Painting better when his Fine Pen was so employ’d.
Sculpture carries us yet farther than Poetry, and gives us Ideas that no Words can : Such Forms of things, such Airs of Heads, such Expressions of the Passions that cannot be describ’d by Language.
It has been much disputed which is the most Excellent of the two Arts, Sculpture, or Painting, and there is a Story of its having been left to the determination of a Blind man, who gave it in favour of the Latter, being told that what by Feeling seem’d to him to be Flat, appear’d to the Eye as Round as its Competitor. I am not satisfy’d with This way of deciding the Controversy. For ‘tis not the Difficulty of an Art that makes it preferable, but the Ends propos’d to be serv’d by it, and the Degree in which it does That, and then the Less Difficulty the Better.
Now the great Ends of both these Arts is to give Pleasure, and to convey Ideas, and that of the two which best answers Those Ends is undoubtedly preferable ; And that this is Painting is Evident, since it gives us as great a degree of Pleasure, and all the Ideas that Sculpture can, with the Addition of Others ; and this not only by the help of her Colours ; but because she can express many things which Brass, Marble, or other Materials of that Art cannot, or are not so Proper for. A Statue indeed is seen all round, and this is one great Advantage which ‘tis pretended Sculpture has, but without reason : If the Figure is Seen on every Side, ‘tis Wrought on every Side, ‘tis Wrought on every Side, ‘tis then as so many several Pictures, and a hundred Views of a Figure may be Painted in the time that that Figure is cut in Marble, or cast in Brass.
As the business of Painting is to Raise, and Improve Nature, it answers to Poetry ; (tho’ upon Occasion it can also be Strictly Historical) And as it serves to the Other, more Noble End, this Hieroglyphic Language completes what Words, or Writing began, and Sculpture carried on, and Thus perfects all that Humane Nature is capable of in the communication of Ideas ‘till we arrive to a more Angelical, and Spiritual State in another World.

Thus History begins, Poetry raises higher, not by Embellishing the Story, but by Additions purely Poetical : Sculpture goes yet farther, and Painting Completes and Perfects, and That only can ; and here ends, This is the utmost Limits of Humane power in the Communication of Ideas.

Painting is but another Sort of Writing, but like the Hieroglyphicks anciently ‘tis a Character not for the Vulgar : To read it, is not only to know that ‘tis such a Story, or such a Man, but to see the Beauties of the Thought, and Pencil ; of the Colouring, and Composition ; the Expression, Grace, and Greatness that is to be found in it : and not to be able to do This is a Sort of Illiterature, and Unpoliteness.

There are Pictures representing not one particular Story, but the History of Philosophy, of Poetry, of Divinity, the Redemption of Mankind, and the like : Such is the School of Athens, the Parnassus, the Picture in the Vatican commonly call’d the Dispute of the Sacrament, all of Rafaelle ; and the large one of Frederico Zuccaro of the Annunciation, and God the Father, with a Heaven, the Prophets, &c. Such Compositions as These being of a different nature are not subject to the same Rules with Common Historical Pictures ; but Here must be Principal, and Subordonate Figures, and Actions ; As the Plato and Aristotle in the School of Athens, the Apollo in the Parnassus, &c.
Now I have mention’d this Design, I cannot pass it over without going a little out of my way to observe some Particulars of that Admirable Group of the three Poets, Homer, Virgil, and Dante ; […].
The Figure of Homer is an admirably one, and manag’d with great propriety ; He is Group’d with others, but is nevertheless alone :

ALL that is done in Picture is done by Invention ; Or from the Life ; Or from another Picture ; Or Lastly ‘tis a Composition of One, or More of these.
The term Picture I here understand at large as signifying a Painting, Drawing, Graving, &c.

But Generally Small Pictures should be Well Wrought.
Jewels, Gold, Silver, and whatsoever has smart Brightness require Bold, Rough Touches of the Pencil in the Heightnings.
The Pencil should be left pretty much in Linen, Silks, and whatsoever has a Glossyness.
All large Pictures, and whatsoever is seen at a great Distance should be Rough ; for besides that ‘twould be loss of Time to a Painter to Finish such things highly, since Distance would hide all that Pains ; those Bold Roughnesses give the Work a greater Force, and keep the Tincts distinct.

in DA VINCI, Leonardo, Des vortreflichen Florentinischen Mahlers Lionardo Da Vinci Hoch-nützlicher Tractat von der Mahlerey, BÖHM, Johann Georg (éd.), Nürnberg, Johann Georg Böhm, 1724., p.119

in DU FRESNOY, Charles-Alphonse, Kurtzer Begriff Der Theoretischen Mahler-Kunst, trad. par GERICKE, Samuel Theodor, Berlin, Johann Michael Rüdigen, 1699., p.8

in DE PILES, Roger, « " Abbildung eines Vollkommenen Mahlers ", in Historie und Leben der berühmtesten europaeischen Mahler, so sich durch ihre Kunst-Stücke bekand gemacht, samt einigen Réflexions darüber und Abbildung eines vollkommenen Mahlers, nach welcher die Mahlerey als einer Regul kann beurtheilet werden, wobey auch der Nutzen und Gebrauch der Kupferstücke und Erklärung der gebräuchlichen Mahler-Wörter », Hamburg, Benjamin Schiller, 1710., p. 32

in DE PILES, Roger, « " Abbildung eines Vollkommenen Mahlers ", in Historie und Leben der berühmtesten europaeischen Mahler, so sich durch ihre Kunst-Stücke bekand gemacht, samt einigen Réflexions darüber und Abbildung eines vollkommenen Mahlers, nach welcher die Mahlerey als einer Regul kann beurtheilet werden, wobey auch der Nutzen und Gebrauch der Kupferstücke und Erklärung der gebräuchlichen Mahler-Wörter », Hamburg, Benjamin Schiller, 1710., p. 33-34

in DE PILES, Roger, « " Abbildung eines Vollkommenen Mahlers ", in Historie und Leben der berühmtesten europaeischen Mahler, so sich durch ihre Kunst-Stücke bekand gemacht, samt einigen Réflexions darüber und Abbildung eines vollkommenen Mahlers, nach welcher die Mahlerey als einer Regul kann beurtheilet werden, wobey auch der Nutzen und Gebrauch der Kupferstücke und Erklärung der gebräuchlichen Mahler-Wörter », Hamburg, Benjamin Schiller, 1710., p. 41-47

in DE PILES, Roger, « " Abbildung eines Vollkommenen Mahlers ", in Historie und Leben der berühmtesten europaeischen Mahler, so sich durch ihre Kunst-Stücke bekand gemacht, samt einigen Réflexions darüber und Abbildung eines vollkommenen Mahlers, nach welcher die Mahlerey als einer Regul kann beurtheilet werden, wobey auch der Nutzen und Gebrauch der Kupferstücke und Erklärung der gebräuchlichen Mahler-Wörter », Hamburg, Benjamin Schiller, 1710., p. 50-51

in DA VINCI, Leonardo, A Treatise of Painting by Leonardo da Vinci. Translated from the Original Italian, and adorn'd with a great Number of Cuts. To which is prefx'd, The Author's Life ; Done from The last Edition of the French, London, J. Senex - W. Taylor, 1721., p.45

in FRÉART de CHAMBRAY, Roland, An Idea of the Perfection of Painting: demonstrated from the Principles of Art, and by examples conformable to the observations , which Pliny and Quintilian have made upon the most celebrated pieces of Ancient painters parallel’d with some Works of the most Modern Painters, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Julio Romano and N. Poussin, trad. par EVELYN, John, London, Henry Herringman, 1668., THE EXAMEN REAFFUM'D OF THE DESCENT OF OUR LORD FROM THE CROSS, p. 86

in FRÉART de CHAMBRAY, Roland, An Idea of the Perfection of Painting: demonstrated from the Principles of Art, and by examples conformable to the observations , which Pliny and Quintilian have made upon the most celebrated pieces of Ancient painters parallel’d with some Works of the most Modern Painters, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Julio Romano and N. Poussin, trad. par EVELYN, John, London, Henry Herringman, 1668., p. 135

in DE PILES, Roger et DU FRESNOY, Charles-Alphonse, The Art of Painting by C.A. DU FRESNOY with Remarks, trad. par DRYDEN, John, London, W. Rogers, 1695., p.3

in DE PILES, Roger et DU FRESNOY, Charles-Alphonse, The Art of Painting by C.A. DU FRESNOY with Remarks, trad. par DRYDEN, John, London, W. Rogers, 1695., p. 79

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 2

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 2

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 3

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 25

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 190

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 194

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 210

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 266

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 270

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 272

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 272

in DE PILES, Roger, The principles of painting, under the heads of anatomy, attitude, accident... In which is contained, An account of the Athenian, Roman, Venetian and Flemish schools. To which is added, The balance of painters..., trad. par a painter, London, J. Osborn, 1743., p. 280

in DU FRESNOY, Charles-Alphonse, De arte graphica liber, Paris, Nicolas Langlois, 1668., p.2

in FRÉART de CHAMBRAY, Roland, An Idea of the Perfection of Painting: demonstrated from the Principles of Art, and by examples conformable to the observations , which Pliny and Quintilian have made upon the most celebrated pieces of Ancient painters parallel’d with some Works of the most Modern Painters, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Julio Romano and N. Poussin, trad. par EVELYN, John, London, Henry Herringman, 1668., p. 9

in DU BOS, Jean-Baptiste, Critical Reflections on Poetry, Painting and Music, With An Inquiry into the Rise and Progress of the Theatrical Entertainments of the Ancients, vol. 1, trad. par NUGENT, Thomas, London, John Nourse, 1748, vol. 1., p. 321

in DA VINCI, Leonardo, Trattato della pittura di Lionardo da Vinci, novamente dato in luce, con la vita dell'istesso autore, scritta da Rafaelle Du Fresne. Si sono giunti i tre libri della pittura, & il trattato della statua di Leon Battista Alberti, con la vita del medesimo, TRICHET DU FRESNE, Raphaël (éd.), Paris, Jacques Langlois, 1651., p.9

in DOLCE, Lodovico, Dialogo della pittura di M. Lodovico Dolce, Intitolato l’Aretino. Nel quale si ragiona della dignità di essa Pittura, e di tutte le parti necessarie, che a perfetto Pittore si acconvengono: con esempi di Pittori antichi, e moderni: e nel fine si fa menzione delle virtù, e delle opere del divin Tiziano / Dialogue sur la peinture de Louis Dolce, intitulé l’Aretin. Dans lequel on traitte de l’excellence de la peinture, de toutes les qualités necessaires au bon Peintre, avec les exemples des Peintres anciens et modernes, à la fin on y parle du merite et des ouvrages du divin Titien, trad. par VLEUGHELS, Nicolas, Firenze, Michel Nestenus et François Moucke, 1735., p. 106

in DOLCE, Lodovico, Dialogo della pittura di M. Lodovico Dolce, Intitolato l’Aretino. Nel quale si ragiona della dignità di essa Pittura, e di tutte le parti necessarie, che a perfetto Pittore si acconvengono: con esempi di Pittori antichi, e moderni: e nel fine si fa menzione delle virtù, e delle opere del divin Tiziano / Dialogue sur la peinture de Louis Dolce, intitulé l’Aretin. Dans lequel on traitte de l’excellence de la peinture, de toutes les qualités necessaires au bon Peintre, avec les exemples des Peintres anciens et modernes, à la fin on y parle du merite et des ouvrages du divin Titien, trad. par VLEUGHELS, Nicolas, Firenze, Michel Nestenus et François Moucke, 1735., p. 114

in DOLCE, Lodovico, Dialogo della pittura di M. Lodovico Dolce, Intitolato l’Aretino. Nel quale si ragiona della dignità di essa Pittura, e di tutte le parti necessarie, che a perfetto Pittore si acconvengono: con esempi di Pittori antichi, e moderni: e nel fine si fa menzione delle virtù, e delle opere del divin Tiziano / Dialogue sur la peinture de Louis Dolce, intitulé l’Aretin. Dans lequel on traitte de l’excellence de la peinture, de toutes les qualités necessaires au bon Peintre, avec les exemples des Peintres anciens et modernes, à la fin on y parle du merite et des ouvrages du divin Titien, trad. par VLEUGHELS, Nicolas, Firenze, Michel Nestenus et François Moucke, 1735., p. 118

in DOLCE, Lodovico, Dialogo della pittura di M. Lodovico Dolce, Intitolato l’Aretino. Nel quale si ragiona della dignità di essa Pittura, e di tutte le parti necessarie, che a perfetto Pittore si acconvengono: con esempi di Pittori antichi, e moderni: e nel fine si fa menzione delle virtù, e delle opere del divin Tiziano / Dialogue sur la peinture de Louis Dolce, intitulé l’Aretin. Dans lequel on traitte de l’excellence de la peinture, de toutes les qualités necessaires au bon Peintre, avec les exemples des Peintres anciens et modernes, à la fin on y parle du merite et des ouvrages du divin Titien, trad. par VLEUGHELS, Nicolas, Firenze, Michel Nestenus et François Moucke, 1735., p. 124

in DOLCE, Lodovico, Dialogo della pittura di M. Lodovico Dolce, Intitolato l’Aretino. Nel quale si ragiona della dignità di essa Pittura, e di tutte le parti necessarie, che a perfetto Pittore si acconvengono: con esempi di Pittori antichi, e moderni: e nel fine si fa menzione delle virtù, e delle opere del divin Tiziano / Dialogue sur la peinture de Louis Dolce, intitulé l’Aretin. Dans lequel on traitte de l’excellence de la peinture, de toutes les qualités necessaires au bon Peintre, avec les exemples des Peintres anciens et modernes, à la fin on y parle du merite et des ouvrages du divin Titien, trad. par VLEUGHELS, Nicolas, Firenze, Michel Nestenus et François Moucke, 1735., p. 140

in DOLCE, Lodovico, Dialogo della pittura di M. Lodovico Dolce, Intitolato l’Aretino. Nel quale si ragiona della dignità di essa Pittura, e di tutte le parti necessarie, che a perfetto Pittore si acconvengono: con esempi di Pittori antichi, e moderni: e nel fine si fa menzione delle virtù, e delle opere del divin Tiziano / Dialogue sur la peinture de Louis Dolce, intitulé l’Aretin. Dans lequel on traitte de l’excellence de la peinture, de toutes les qualités necessaires au bon Peintre, avec les exemples des Peintres anciens et modernes, à la fin on y parle du merite et des ouvrages du divin Titien, trad. par VLEUGHELS, Nicolas, Firenze, Michel Nestenus et François Moucke, 1735., 140

in DOLCE, Lodovico, Dialogo della pittura di M. Lodovico Dolce, Intitolato l’Aretino. Nel quale si ragiona della dignità di essa Pittura, e di tutte le parti necessarie, che a perfetto Pittore si acconvengono: con esempi di Pittori antichi, e moderni: e nel fine si fa menzione delle virtù, e delle opere del divin Tiziano / Dialogue sur la peinture de Louis Dolce, intitulé l’Aretin. Dans lequel on traitte de l’excellence de la peinture, de toutes les qualités necessaires au bon Peintre, avec les exemples des Peintres anciens et modernes, à la fin on y parle du merite et des ouvrages du divin Titien, trad. par VLEUGHELS, Nicolas, Firenze, Michel Nestenus et François Moucke, 1735., p. 144

in DU BOS, Jean-Baptiste, Oordeelkundige aanmerkingen over de poëszy, en schilderkunst [...] uit het Fransch vertaald, ten deele gevolgd, en met zommige aanmerkingen vermeerderd. Eerste Deel, trad. par ZWEERTS, Philip, Amsterdam, Jacobus Loeveringh, 1740, 3 vol. , vol. I., p. 417

in DU FRESNOY, Charles-Alphonse et DE PILES, Roger, De Schilderkonst eerst in Latynze Vaerzen Beschreven door C.A. Dufresnoy in't Frans gebragt en met Aantekekeningen verrykt Door den Heer De Piles Nevens een Zaammeuspraak over het koloriet, trad. par VERHOEK, Joannes, Amsterdam, Balthazar Lakeman, 1722., p. 1

in DU FRESNOY, Charles-Alphonse et DE PILES, Roger, De Schilderkonst eerst in Latynze Vaerzen Beschreven door C.A. Dufresnoy in't Frans gebragt en met Aantekekeningen verrykt Door den Heer De Piles Nevens een Zaammeuspraak over het koloriet, trad. par VERHOEK, Joannes, Amsterdam, Balthazar Lakeman, 1722., p. 1

in LE COMTE, Florent, Het konst-cabinet der bouw- schilder- beeldhouw- en graveerkunde, of inleiding tot de kennis dier fraaije weetenschappen, vervat in der schilderyen, stand-beelden en prenten, trad. par LOBEDANIUS, Arnoldus, Utrecht, Arnoldus Lobedanius - 1745, 2 vol., p. 24

in LE COMTE, Florent, Het konst-cabinet der bouw- schilder- beeldhouw- en graveerkunde, of inleiding tot de kennis dier fraaije weetenschappen, vervat in der schilderyen, stand-beelden en prenten, trad. par LOBEDANIUS, Arnoldus, Utrecht, Arnoldus Lobedanius - 1745, 2 vol., p. 43-44

in LE COMTE, Florent, Het konst-cabinet der bouw- schilder- beeldhouw- en graveerkunde, of inleiding tot de kennis dier fraaije weetenschappen, vervat in der schilderyen, stand-beelden en prenten, trad. par LOBEDANIUS, Arnoldus, Utrecht, Arnoldus Lobedanius - 1745, 2 vol., p. 51

in LE COMTE, Florent, Het konst-cabinet der bouw- schilder- beeldhouw- en graveerkunde, of inleiding tot de kennis dier fraaije weetenschappen, vervat in der schilderyen, stand-beelden en prenten, trad. par LOBEDANIUS, Arnoldus, Utrecht, Arnoldus Lobedanius - 1745, 2 vol., p. 55-56

in DE PILES, Roger, Beknopt verhaal van het leven der vermaardste Schilders : met Aanmerkingen over hunne werken, trad. par VERHOEK, Joannes, Amsterdam, Balthazar Lakeman, 1725., p. 27

in DE PILES, Roger, Beknopt verhaal van het leven der vermaardste Schilders : met Aanmerkingen over hunne werken, trad. par VERHOEK, Joannes, Amsterdam, Balthazar Lakeman, 1725., p. 28

in DE PILES, Roger, Beknopt verhaal van het leven der vermaardste Schilders : met Aanmerkingen over hunne werken, trad. par VERHOEK, Joannes, Amsterdam, Balthazar Lakeman, 1725., p. 34-38

in DE PILES, Roger, Beknopt verhaal van het leven der vermaardste Schilders : met Aanmerkingen over hunne werken, trad. par VERHOEK, Joannes, Amsterdam, Balthazar Lakeman, 1725., p. 41