DISPOSITIE (n. f.)
TERM USED IN EARLY TRANSLATIONS
DISPOSITIO (lat.)FILTERS
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Soo namen dan d’oude Meesters dese vijf hoofd-stucken in haere Schilderyen op ’t aller nauste waer. I. Den Historischen inhoud, die veeltijds d’Inventie ofte oock ’t argument ghenaemt wordt. II. De ghelijck-maetigheyd, diemen doorgaens henen de Proportie, symmetrie, analogie, en harmonie noemt. III. De verwe ofte ’t Coleur; en daer in plaghten sy ’t licht en schaduwe, als oock ’t schijnsel en duysternisse naukeurighlick t’ onderscheyden. IV. Het leven; ’t welck in d’Actie en Passie bestaet, ofte (om duydelicker te spreken) in de bequame afbeeldinghe der eyghenschappen die men in de onroerende dingen verneemt, als oock in de levendighe uytdruckinghe der beweghinghen diemen in de roerende dinghen speurt, wanneer deselvighe yet merckelicks doen of lijden. V. De schickinghe, die men ghemeynlick de Dispositie ofte Ordinantie plaght te heeten.
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] As such the old Masters observed these five chief principles very closely in their Paintings. I. The Historical content, that is often called the Invention or also the argument. II. The uniformity, which one commonly calls the Proportion, symmetry, analogy and harmony. III. The colour or the colouring; and in this they tend to carefully distinguish the light and shadow, as well as the sheen and darkness. IV. The life; which exists in the Action and Passion, or (to speak more clearly) in the skilled depiction of the characteristics that one discerns in the unmovable things, as well as in the lively expression of the movements that one perceives in the movable things, when these do or suffer something considerable. V. The arrangement, that one commonly tends to call the Disposition or Ordinance.
The fifth principle is that of the composition of the painting. Junius offers the terms disposition and ordinance as synonyms. In the fifth chapter of the Third Book, he elaborates on the differences between these synonyms. [MO]
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De vier eerste hoofd-stucken wierden so wel in d’enckele Schilderye van een figure waer ghenomen, als in de veelvoudighe Schilderye die uyt vele figuren bestond; De Dispositie daerenteghen plaght allermeest in de veelvoudighe Schilderyen plaets te hebben; aenghesien veele ende verscheydene figuren die hobbel tobbel in een stuck achtelooslick opghehoopt worden, anders niet en schijnen te wesen dan een donckere doode verwarringhe van ettelicke qualick over-een-stemmende dingen die licht noch leven in sich hebben, tot datse door de schickingh-Konst in haere rechte plaetse bequaemelick ende ordentelick ghestelt sijn.
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] The first four chief principles are seen in both the single Painting of one figure and in the multiple Painting that consists of many figures; The Disposition on the other hand tends to take place the most in the multiple Paintings; seen that many and different figures that are thoughtlessly piled up messily in a piece, appear to be nothing but a dark dead confusion of several poorly equivalent things that have light nor life in them, until they have been placed competently and properly in their right place by means of the Art of arrangement.
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Democritus hield staende dat de verwen in haeren eygenen aerd een gantsch nietigh dingh sijn, maer dat de vermenghinghen der selvigher onse fantasijen allermeest plaghten te verwecken, wanneermen in ’t bequaeme ende maetvoeghelicke aenstrijcken der Coleuren een goede stellinghe, bevallighe figuren ende een gheschickte by-een-voeghinghe der selvigher figuren verneemt, siet Stobaeus eclog. physie. Cap. 19. Dies ghebeurt het oock menighmael dat verscheyden figuren in een tafereel, niet teghenstaende de bequaeme ghevoeghlickheyd haerer verwen, onse ooghen in ’t minste niet en konnen bekoren; ons dunckt dat wy een haetelicke wanschickelickheyd in de selvighe speuren, niet soo seer van weghen ’t een of ’t ander ghebreck ’t welck wy in de figuren selver aenmercken, als van weghen de losse ongheschicktheyd der by-een voeghinghe. Dese schickingh-Konst ofte t’saemenvoeghinghe van veele ende verscheyden figuren die malckander in een stuck ontmoeten, wordt ghemeynlick de Dispositie ofte Ordinantie genaemt; soo schijntse oock maer alleen in die Schilderyen plaetse te hebben, dewelcke uyt veele ende bysondere Beelden bestaen. Het is wel waer datmen oock inde stucken die maer een Beeld in sich vervatten, een sekere gheschiktheyd behoort waer te nemen; en dien Konstenaer wordt met recht gheoordeelt sijne Konste onlijdelick mishandelt te hebben, die eenen deftighen mensche in staetelicke Raedsheerskleederen op sijn hoofd staende conterfeyt; nochtans schijnt dese onhebbelicke onghevoeghelickheyd veele eer den naem van een quaede stellinghe dan van een quaede Ordinantie te verdienen.
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Democritus argued that the colours on by themselves are a rather futile thing, but that the mixing of them tends to excite our fantasy very much, when one finds in the competent and measured application of the colours a good composition, lovely figures and an appropriate grouping of these same figures, see Stobaeus (…). Therefore it also happens often that several figures in a scene, nothwithstanding the skillful propriety of their colours, cannot please our eyes the least; we believe to discover a horrible deformity in it, not so much because some or other failure that we recognize in the figures themselves, but rather because of the loose lack of order of the composition. This art of composing or grouping of many and different figures that meet eachother in one piece is commonly called the Disposition or Ordinance; as such it only appears to occur in paintings that consist of many and different Figures. It is however true that one also needs to observe a certain order in the pieces that only contain one Figure; and the Artist, who portrays a distinguished man in stately councilor’s clothes standing on his head, is rightfully considered to have mistreated his Art insufferably; nonetheless this objectionable disorder deserves the name of a bad order rather than of a bad Ordinance.
The different terms that Junius uses to describe composition are: disposition (dispositie), ordinance (ordonnantie), order (geschiktheid), composition (stelling, bijeenvoeging), schickingh-konst (art of composing) and combination (t’saemenvoeghinghe). In the following paragraphs he distinguishes between some of these terms, whereas others are used interchangeably. I would like to thank Wieneke Jansen (Leiden University) for her precious assistance on this citation.[MO]
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Doch hier moeten wy eerst een onderscheyd maecken tussen de Dispositie die uyt d’Inventie plaght te vloeyen, en d’andere Dispositie die ’t werck is van een nauluysterende Proportie. Dese eerste Dispositie ofte Ordinantie, die haeren oorsprongh uyt d’Inventie selver treckt, en is anders niet dan een levendighe afbeeldinghe van de naturelicke orden diemen in ’t vervolgh der voorvallender Inventie plaght te speuren: Oversulcks behoeftmen hier niet te verwachten, dat dese Ordinantie yet nieus soude voord-brenghen; want haer anders niet te doen staet, dan datse ’t gunt alreede ghevonden is soo bequaemelick aen een soecke te hechten, dat het d’eenvoudigheyd der naturelicker gheschiedenisse door een effene ende eenpaerighe vloeyenheyd nae ’t leven uytdrucke. Ghelijck dit een gheweldigh punt is, soo vereyst het een sonderlinghe sorgvuldigheyd: Want indien het d’oude Meesters moghelick hadde gheweest een sekere Ordinantie te beraemen die tot allerley voorvallende ghelegenheden toeghepast konde worden, veele souden seer uytnemende in ’t by eenvoeghen haerer figuren gheweest sijn,…
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Yet here we should first make the distinction between the Disposition that tends to spring forth from the Invention, and the other Disposition that is the work of a careful Proportion. This first Disposition or Ordinance, which has its origin in the Invention itself, is nothing else but a lively depiction of the natural order that one tends to recognize in the sequence of the occurring Invention: As such one should not expect here, that this Ordinance would bring forth something new; because it has nothing else to do, than that it attempts to competently bring together that which has already been found, that it expresses the simplicity of the natural history after life by means of an even and singular fluency. As this is a great point, as such it demands an extraordinary carefulness: Because if it had been possible for the old Masters to come up with a certain Ordinance that could be applied to all sorts of occurring situations, many would have been very excellent in grouping their figures,…
Junius distinguishes between two types of composition, although he calls them both disposition (dispositie) and ordinance (ordonnantie) interchangeably. The first type is connected to the artistic invention (inventie) and basically expresses that which is already seen in nature. It requires that the artist works with care (zorgvuldigheid) after life (naar het leven). The other type, on which Junius does not elaborate here, is related to proportion (proportie), thus suggesting the necessity of the artist’s knowledge of proportion. This paragraph is very different in the Latin edition, the explanation of the distinction between the different terms does not occur in the Latin edition and only partially in the English edition. The part after 'Oversulcks behoeft men...' is not included in the English edition. [MO]
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Het grootste behulp onser Ordinantie is daer in gheleghen, dat wy de voorghestelde materie grondighlick verstaen, dat wy ’t ghene ons d’Inventie voord-draeght onophoudelick overlegghen onse ghedachten door de ghestaedigheyd deser oeffeninghe allengskens daer toe ghewennende, datse sich de waere teghenwoordigheyd der dinghen selver door den aendacht van een mercksaeme verbeeldinghe souden voor-stellen; want ons ghemoed en kan t’historische vervolgh der voorvallender materie soo haest niet vatten, of daer sal ons daedelick een vaerdighe en gantsch sekere maniere van Ordinantie den sin schieten. Doch hier moeten wy, om goed werck te maecken, wel toesien, dat wy al met den eersten tot den springh-ader van de Historie selver soecken te ghenaecken; ten eynde dat wy ’t volle bescheyd der gantsch saecke inghedroncken hebbende, ons selven ’t gheheele bewerp der materie t’effens moghten voor ooghen stellen: Want indien wy de saecke maer alleen ten halven ende verwarrelick insien ende begrijpen, het en wil noyt wouteren, daer sal immermeer ’t een of ’t ander ontbreken, en onse Dispositie sal noodwendighlick lam ende onvolmaeckt sijn. Het eerste dan ’t welck ons in desen moeyelicken arbeyd der Ordinantie staet waer te nemen, is daer in voornaemelick gheleghen, dat wy ’t gantsche vervolgh van een beeldenrijcke materie in onse ghedachten volkomenlick omvangen: Volght daer op dat wy de bysondere figuren der selviger materie door de verbeeldenskracht soo bescheydenlick aenschouwen, datse door gheswindigheyt onses werckenden geests tot haere eygene plaetsen vaerdighlick schijnen toe te loopen:
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] The largest assistance to our Ordinance lies therein, that we thoroughly understand the proposed matter, that we insistently consider that which the Invention proposes to us, accustoming our thoughts gradually to it through the steadiness of this practice, that it would imagine the true circumstances of things itself through the attention of a remarkable imagination; because our mind almost cannot grasp the historical sequence of the occurring matter, or there will immediately appear an apt and rather certain manner of Ordinance. Yet here we must, in order to make a good work, pay attention, that we attempt to immediately come to the origine of the History itself; in order that we may – after we have drank in the full record of the whole situation – quickly imagine the whole design of the matter: Because if we only realize and understand the half of the situation or in a confused way, it will never happen, something or else will always be lacking, and our Disposition will necessarily be lame and imperfect. The first thing that we have to observe in this difficult task of Ordinance, is that we fully catch the whole sequence of an ornate matter in our thoughts: It then follows that we watch the separate figures of the same matter so intently through our imagination, that it will appear to proficiently walk towards its own place through the rapidity of our working mind.
This section does not occur in the Latin edition of 1637. In the English edition, this paragraph is more concise and formulated in a different manner. The part after 'Het eerste dan 't welck ons...' is not included in the English edition. [MO]
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Tot noch toe hebben wy d’Ordinantie, die uyt d’Inventie oorspronckelick voordspruyt, aenghemerckt; volght dat wy nu een weynigh handelen van de Dispositie, die ’t werck is van een nauwluysterende Proportie. Daer om schijnt oock dese Dispositie, om de waerheyd te segghen, seer weynigh van de Proportie te verschillen: Want ghelijckse nerghens anders op uyt gaet, dan datse ’t rechte tusschenscheyd der figuren behoorlicker wijse waerneme ende onderhoudt; soo wordtse ten aensien vande groote ghemeynschap diese met de Proportie selver heeft, een Symmetrie in Plinius ghenaemt: Apelles, seght hy {Lib. xxxv. Cap. 10.}, plaght de Symmetrie van Asclepiodorus met groote verwondering t’aenschouwen; Want dit segghende, soo heeft hy daer mede anders niet te verstaen ghegeven, dan dat sich Apelles met den voornoemden Asclepiodorus niet en heeft dorven verghelijcken, Inde maeten, dat is, in ’t waernemen van de tusschen-wijdde diemen in verscheyden figuren behoort t’onderhouden, ghelijck den selvighen autheur in ’t selvighe Capittel is sprekende. Wat dese Dispositie belanght, men kanse aen gheen sekere ghesette regulen verbinden; ons ooge heeft daer in ’t meeste bedrijf:
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Until now we have discussed the Ordinance, which springs forth from the Invention; it now follows that we elaborate a bit on this Disposition, which is the work of a careful Proportion. To say the truth, this is also why this Disposition differs very little from the Proportion: Because like it aims for nothing else but that it observes and maintains the right difference between figures in an acceptable manner; as such it is called a Symmetry by Plinius with regard to the great resemblance that it has with the Proportion: Apelles, he says {…}, tended to observe the Symmetry of Asclepiodorus with great astonishment; By saying this, he has also expressed that Apelles did not dare to compare himself with the aforementioned Asclepiodorus, In the measurements, that is, in observing the space that one should maintain in different figures, as the same author says in the same chapter. What this Disposition is concerned, one cannot connect it to any certain fixed rules; our eye has the biggest role in it:
Junius returns to the distinction between two types of composition (ordonnantie, dispositie) that he introduced on page 300-301. This time, he distinguishes clearly between the two and focuses on disposition (dispositie), which he explains as being closely connected to proportion (proportie). Because of this connection, Pliny called this type of composition symmetry (symmetrie), according to Junius. There are no rules for the disposition of a painting, its quality depends on the able eye (oog) of the artist. This entire section is not included in the Latin edition of 1637. [MO]