INVENTIE (n. f.)
TERM USED AS TRANSLATIONS IN QUOTATION
INVENTION (fra.)TERM USED IN EARLY TRANSLATIONS
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LINKED QUOTATIONS
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Demon, vol inventien.
[D'après NOLDUS 2008, p. 5-7:] Démon pour les inventions.
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16 Inventy van jonghs moet oock med’ opwassen,
Anders wy qualijck ordineren souden,
En moesten dan om sien naer anders cassen,
Wy moeten oock op proporty wel passen,
Als wy vergrooten, oft vercleenen wouden,
En sonderlingh moesten wy wel onthouden,
T’ghene wy teeckenen om worden vroeder,
Want siet, Memoria is de Muses Moeder. {Memorie, moeder der Muses, daerom gheheeten Mnemosyne, Siet Plutarchum in zijn Kindertucht.}
[D'après NOLDUS 2008, p. 39] 16 L’invention doit grandir avec nous dès l’enfance car sinon nous aurions du mal à ordonner et devrions chercher dans les réserves d’autrui. Nous devons faire attention à la proportion si nous voulons agrandir ou réduire ; et en particulier, nous devrions bien nous rappeler que nous dessinons pour devenir plus compétents. Sachez en effet que la Mémoire est la Mère des Muses. {La Mémoire est la mère des Muses. On l’appelle pour cette raison Mnémosyne, - voyez Plutarque dans son De l’Éducation des enfants, De liberis educandis.}
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69 Nealces, een van de oude vermaerde,
Was in der Inventy constich ervaren, {Merckt hier Exempel van vernuft, om Riviere oft plaets uyt te beelden.}
Ghelijck hy metten Pinceel openbaerde,
Eenen stant te schepe makende, daer de
Persianen teghen d’Egyptenaren
Op Nilus Riviere strijdende waren,
Waer quelde, verleghen zijnde een wijle,
Om uyt te beelden t’water van den Nijle.
[D'après NOLDUS 2008, p. 79:] 69 Néalcès, l’un des Anciens célèbres était expert dans l’invention pleine d’art comme il le montra par son Pinceau lorsqu’il fit une bataille navale, dans laquelle les Perses se battaient contre les Égyptiens sur le fleuve du Nil. {Remarquez cet exemple d’ingéniosité dans la représentation d’un Fleuve ou d’un lieu.} Il peina pendant un temps vain pour représenter le Nil par son eau.
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Hier toe souden wy seer vele te segghen hebben, 't en waer sacke dat wy het meer hooghnoodigh achten op 't ghene wy van te vooren aangheroert hebben wat meer aen te dringhen; dat naemelick die dinghen de welcke in d'uytnemenste Konstenaers voor de beste worden ghekeurt, bynae on-nae-volghelick sijn; 't verstandt, d'uytvindenskracht, die men d'inventie noemt, d'onbedwonghen ghemackelickheydt in 't wercken, en al wat ons door de regelen der Konste niet en kan worden ingheplant.{Quint. X.2} Soo is ons oock dese moeyelickheydt alhier meest van allen dienstigh; overmidts ons de bedenckinghe deser moeyelickheydt tot meerder aendacht verweckt; soo dat wy nu d'uytnemende Konstenaers vry wat naerder beginnen te verstaen, niet meer over haere wercken gaene met een achteloose opmerckinghe, maer wy slaen onse ooghen aendachtighlick op elck bysondere deel haerer wercken, ende wy begrijpen d'over-groote kracht haerer deughden voornaemelick daeruyt, dat het ons onmoghelick is de selvighe nae te volghen.{Quint. X. 5}
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] We would have a lot to say to this, but [NDR: it is the case that] we deem it more urgent to insist some more on that which we touched upon before; namely that the things which are judged the best in the most excellent Artists, are almost inimitable; the mind, the inventiveness, that one calls invention, the untamed ease in working, and all that which cannot be implanted by the rules of Art.{…} As such this difficulty is here most useful of all; as the thought of this difficulty stimulates us to more attention; so that we then begin to understand the most excellent Artists a bit better, no longer scrolling over their works with careless observation, but we focus our eyes carefully on every specific part of their works, and we mainly understand the immense power of her virtues from that which makes it impossible to imitate it. {…}
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Soo namen dan d’oude Meesters dese vijf hoofd-stucken in haere Schilderyen op ’t aller nauste waer. I. Den Historischen inhoud, die veeltijds d’Inventie ofte oock ’t argument ghenaemt wordt. II. De ghelijck-maetigheyd, diemen doorgaens henen de Proportie, symmetrie, analogie, en harmonie noemt. III. De verwe ofte ’t Coleur; en daer in plaghten sy ’t licht en schaduwe, als oock ’t schijnsel en duysternisse naukeurighlick t’ onderscheyden. IV. Het leven; ’t welck in d’Actie en Passie bestaet, ofte (om duydelicker te spreken) in de bequame afbeeldinghe der eyghenschappen die men in de onroerende dingen verneemt, als oock in de levendighe uytdruckinghe der beweghinghen diemen in de roerende dinghen speurt, wanneer deselvighe yet merckelicks doen of lijden. V. De schickinghe, die men ghemeynlick de Dispositie ofte Ordinantie plaght te heeten.
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] As such the old Masters observed these five chief principles very closely in their Paintings. I. The Historical content, that is often called the Invention or also the argument. II. The uniformity, which one commonly calls the Proportion, symmetry, analogy and harmony. III. The colour or the colouring; and in this they tend to carefully distinguish the light and shadow, as well as the sheen and darkness. IV. The life; which exists in the Action and Passion, or (to speak more clearly) in the skilled depiction of the characteristics that one discerns in the unmovable things, as well as in the lively expression of the movements that one perceives in the movable things, when these do or suffer something considerable. V. The arrangement, that one commonly tends to call the Disposition or Ordinance.
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Den Historischen ofte den sede-vormenden inhoud der Schilderyen, diemen d’Inventie noemt, wordt hier met rechten in d’eerste plaetse ghestelt; Aenghesien nieman, of hy schoon allerley verwen by der hand heeft, seght Seneca {Epist. lxxi}, een ghelijckenisse kan uytdrucken, ’t en sy saecke dat hy van te vooren rijpelick overlegghe wat hy meynt te schilderen.
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] The Historical or the moralizing content of Paintings, which one calls the Invention, is here rightfully placed in the first position; Since nobody, although he has all sorts of paints at hand, says Seneca {…} can express a similitude, it is necessary that he duly contemplates beforehand that which he intends to paint.
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[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Indeed the Invention mainly consists in the power of our mind; seen that our mind has to imagine a lively presentation of the whole matter from the beginning; except that this lively presentation or representation of the conceived things should simultaneously move our minds so powerful, that, finding itself changed by the deceptive clarity of such imaginings after the occasion of the things that we intend, sets itself to work capably and without delay.
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[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] A complete and ably done Invention has to spring forth from a large and deeply rooted wisdom; no studies should be unknown to us; we have to know all about the whole antiquity together with the countless number of Poetic and Historical tales; yet it is most necessary that we thoroughly understand the manifold movements of the human mind as well as all the special characteristics of it, seen that the great and admired power of these Arts lays most in the lively expression of such commotion. So we understand how the Artists were once judged with a special insight as wise men; seen that one can hardly find one in all the other free Arts, who has to deal more with the help of a high and well-evoked wisdom.
This section is not included in the first Latin edition (1637). [MO]
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Dies vinden wy ons selven eyndelick oock ghedwonghen te bekennen dat Apollodorus {Apud Philostr. Lib. VI. Cap.9.} de Phantasie niet t’onrecht een dingh vol van wijsheyt ghenaemt heeft, als wesende d’eenighe Voedster-moeder van allerley goede Inventien.
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Finally we feel obligated to confess that Apollodorus {…} has called the Fantasy a thing filled with wisdom with a reason, as it is the sole Nursing-mother of all good Inventions.
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… de selvighe moet noch voorder met ons uyt d’oude schrijvers aenmercken dat de voornaemste deughd van een nette en welghestelde Inventie aller meest in dese vier dinghen bestaet. In de waerheyd. In d’Opertuniteyt, ofte in de waerneminghe van een bequaeme geleghenheyd van tijd en plaetse, in de discretie, ofte in de bescheydenheyd van een tuchtigh ende eerbaer beleyd. In de Magnificentie, ofte in de staetelickheyd. Wat de waerheydt belanght; De Schilder-konst maeckt altijd vele wercks van de waerheyd, seght Philostratus Iconum Lib. I. in Narcisso. Ende ghelijck dien Historie-schrijver soo wel met bedrogh schijnt om te gaen, seght Ammianus Marcellinus {Lib. XXIX.}, de welcke eenighe warachtighe gheschiedenissen wetens en willens voor by gaet, als die eenighe valsche gheschiedenissen verdicht; even alsoo plaght de maelkonste in het uytdrucken der waerheydt op dese twee dinghen goede achtinghe te nemen, sy wil aen de eene sijde daer toe niet verstaen dat se yet soude uytdrucken ’t ghene men in de nature niet en vindt, men kanse wederom aen d’andere sijde daer toe niet brenghen datse yet soude overslaen ’t ghene men in de nature vindt.
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] …the same has to remark with us from the old writers that the main virtue of a neat and well-composed Inventie mainly consists of four things: In the truth. In the Opportunity, or in the observation of an appropriate situation of time and place, in the discretion, or the modesty of a disciplinary and honorable policy. In the Magnificence, or in the stateliness. For as far as the truth is concerned; The Art of painting always pays a lot of attention to the truth, says Philostratus Iconum Lib. I. in Narcisso. And like the History-writer manages to deal so well with deceit, says Ammianus Marcellinus {…}, that it appears to consciously pass by any truthful histories, when he poetizes some false histories; as such the art of painting tends to pay attention to these to things when expressing the truth, on the one hand she does not want it to happen that she would express that which one cannot find in nature, and on the other hand she cannot bring herself that she would neglect that which one finds in nature.
In the Latin edition (1637), most of the terms are given only in Greek. [MO]
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Noch openbaert sich d’ongheloofelicke kracht deser Symmetrie allermeest in de Teycken-konst ofte in d’eerste afschetsinghe der ghevondener dinghen. Dies plaghten oock allerley Konst-vroede Mannen het schierlicke wel gheproportioneerde bewerp van een ghenoeghsaemlick door-kaude Inventie voor het voornaemste grond-werck deser Konsten te houden; wanneer naemelick d’arbeydsaeme Konstenaers haere eerste invallen, sonder ’t behulp van eenigh vermaeckelicke Coleuren, in enckele proportionele linien soo gheestighlick voor ooghen stellen, datmen allenthalven de levendighe kracht der dinghen selver in d’eenvoudigheyd haerer omtrecks en de slechtigheyd haerer eenverwigher binne-wercken verneemt.
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Yet the unbelievable power of this Symmetry reveals itself most in the Art of Drawing or in the first sketch of the found things. Various Art-loving Men tended to keep this well-proportioned design of a sufficiently conceived Invention for the main groundwork of these Arts; namely when the diligent Artists envision their first ideas in a few proportional lines, without the help of any entertaining colours, that one learns everything about the lively power of things itself in the simplicity of its contour and the mediocrity of its one-coloured interior.
This section in the Dutch edition is different from the English and Latin edition. [MO]
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Dewijl het dan kennelick is, dat de meeste volmaecktheyd onser wercken voornaemelick in ’t bevormen en schicken van de Inventie bestaet; dat oock het werck selfs meer dan half schijnt afghemaeckt te sijn, alsmen den eersten voorslagh des gantschen wercks met een goed en schickelick beleyd heeft beworpen; soo konnen wy daer uyt lichtelick besluyten, dat ons alle de behulp-middelen daer toe dienstigh vlijtighlick staen waer te nemen, en dat wy de hand noyt aen ’t werck behooren te slaen, ’t en sy saecke dat alle de bysondere ghedeelten onses eersten invals door den ernst van een diepe ende innighe verbeeldinghe in haere behoorlicke plaetsen verschijnen.
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] While it is then apparent, that most of the perfection of our works consists mainly in the shaping and ordering of the Invention; that the work appears to be finished more than half, when one has designed the first draft of the whole work with a good and orderly fashion; as such we can easily decide that we should readily observe all means necessary for it and that we should never give up on working, unless all the separate parts of our first idea appear in their right place through the dedication of a deep and intimate visualization.
This section does not occur in the Latin edtion of 1637 and is formulated quite differently in the English edition. [MO]
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Doch hier moeten wy eerst een onderscheyd maecken tussen de Dispositie die uyt d’Inventie plaght te vloeyen, en d’andere Dispositie die ’t werck is van een nauluysterende Proportie. Dese eerste Dispositie ofte Ordinantie, die haeren oorsprongh uyt d’Inventie selver treckt, en is anders niet dan een levendighe afbeeldinghe van de naturelicke orden diemen in ’t vervolgh der voorvallender Inventie plaght te speuren: Oversulcks behoeftmen hier niet te verwachten, dat dese Ordinantie yet nieus soude voord-brenghen; want haer anders niet te doen staet, dan datse ’t gunt alreede ghevonden is soo bequaemelick aen een soecke te hechten, dat het d’eenvoudigheyd der naturelicker gheschiedenisse door een effene ende eenpaerighe vloeyenheyd nae ’t leven uytdrucke. Ghelijck dit een gheweldigh punt is, soo vereyst het een sonderlinghe sorgvuldigheyd: Want indien het d’oude Meesters moghelick hadde gheweest een sekere Ordinantie te beraemen die tot allerley voorvallende ghelegenheden toeghepast konde worden, veele souden seer uytnemende in ’t by eenvoeghen haerer figuren gheweest sijn,…
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Yet here we should first make the distinction between the Disposition that tends to spring forth from the Invention, and the other Disposition that is the work of a careful Proportion. This first Disposition or Ordinance, which has its origin in the Invention itself, is nothing else but a lively depiction of the natural order that one tends to recognize in the sequence of the occurring Invention: As such one should not expect here, that this Ordinance would bring forth something new; because it has nothing else to do, than that it attempts to competently bring together that which has already been found, that it expresses the simplicity of the natural history after life by means of an even and singular fluency. As this is a great point, as such it demands an extraordinary carefulness: Because if it had been possible for the old Masters to come up with a certain Ordinance that could be applied to all sorts of occurring situations, many would have been very excellent in grouping their figures,…
Junius distinguishes between two types of composition, although he calls them both disposition (dispositie) and ordinance (ordonnantie) interchangeably. The first type is connected to the artistic invention (inventie) and basically expresses that which is already seen in nature. It requires that the artist works with care (zorgvuldigheid) after life (naar het leven). The other type, on which Junius does not elaborate here, is related to proportion (proportie), thus suggesting the necessity of the artist’s knowledge of proportion. This paragraph is very different in the Latin edition, the explanation of the distinction between the different terms does not occur in the Latin edition and only partially in the English edition. The part after 'Oversulcks behoeft men...' is not included in the English edition. [MO]
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Het grootste behulp onser Ordinantie is daer in gheleghen, dat wy de voorghestelde materie grondighlick verstaen, dat wy ’t ghene ons d’Inventie voord-draeght onophoudelick overlegghen onse ghedachten door de ghestaedigheyd deser oeffeninghe allengskens daer toe ghewennende, datse sich de waere teghenwoordigheyd der dinghen selver door den aendacht van een mercksaeme verbeeldinghe souden voor-stellen; want ons ghemoed en kan t’historische vervolgh der voorvallender materie soo haest niet vatten, of daer sal ons daedelick een vaerdighe en gantsch sekere maniere van Ordinantie den sin schieten. Doch hier moeten wy, om goed werck te maecken, wel toesien, dat wy al met den eersten tot den springh-ader van de Historie selver soecken te ghenaecken; ten eynde dat wy ’t volle bescheyd der gantsch saecke inghedroncken hebbende, ons selven ’t gheheele bewerp der materie t’effens moghten voor ooghen stellen: Want indien wy de saecke maer alleen ten halven ende verwarrelick insien ende begrijpen, het en wil noyt wouteren, daer sal immermeer ’t een of ’t ander ontbreken, en onse Dispositie sal noodwendighlick lam ende onvolmaeckt sijn. Het eerste dan ’t welck ons in desen moeyelicken arbeyd der Ordinantie staet waer te nemen, is daer in voornaemelick gheleghen, dat wy ’t gantsche vervolgh van een beeldenrijcke materie in onse ghedachten volkomenlick omvangen: Volght daer op dat wy de bysondere figuren der selviger materie door de verbeeldenskracht soo bescheydenlick aenschouwen, datse door gheswindigheyt onses werckenden geests tot haere eygene plaetsen vaerdighlick schijnen toe te loopen:
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] The largest assistance to our Ordinance lies therein, that we thoroughly understand the proposed matter, that we insistently consider that which the Invention proposes to us, accustoming our thoughts gradually to it through the steadiness of this practice, that it would imagine the true circumstances of things itself through the attention of a remarkable imagination; because our mind almost cannot grasp the historical sequence of the occurring matter, or there will immediately appear an apt and rather certain manner of Ordinance. Yet here we must, in order to make a good work, pay attention, that we attempt to immediately come to the origine of the History itself; in order that we may – after we have drank in the full record of the whole situation – quickly imagine the whole design of the matter: Because if we only realize and understand the half of the situation or in a confused way, it will never happen, something or else will always be lacking, and our Disposition will necessarily be lame and imperfect. The first thing that we have to observe in this difficult task of Ordinance, is that we fully catch the whole sequence of an ornate matter in our thoughts: It then follows that we watch the separate figures of the same matter so intently through our imagination, that it will appear to proficiently walk towards its own place through the rapidity of our working mind.
This section does not occur in the Latin edition of 1637. In the English edition, this paragraph is more concise and formulated in a different manner. The part after 'Het eerste dan 't welck ons...' is not included in the English edition. [MO]
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Weynige worden der (met eenigh Oordeel begaeft zijnde) ghevonden, die vande inbeeldinghskracht soodanigh zijn misgedeelt, ofte sullen in het lesen der Verhael-schriften en Vertellingen, d’eene of d’andere goede Denck-beelden by haer selven gewaer worden. Laet een aendachtigh Jongelingh de Troyaense Oorlogen inde Boecken AEneas, door den vermaerden Maro Gedicht, eens met opmerckingh door-lesen, ick houde my verseeckert, dat hy sijn gedachten met wonderlijcke bedenckingen vervult, sijn fantasie vol groote inventien afgescherst, ende sijn gemoet tot uytdruckingh van menigerley hartstoghten aengeprickelt vinden sal;
[suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Few can be found (being blessed with some Judgement), who are not gifted with the power of imagination, or will recognize some or other Idea in themselves when reading the Stories and Tales. Let a discerning Young man read through the Trojan Wars in the books Aeneas, poeticized by Vergil, I am certain that he will fill his mind with wonderful thoughts, sketches his fantasies full of great inventions, and will find his mind incited to the expression of many passions;
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Heel anders beschrijft ons Iunius een waren Costenaer [sic, ndr.], soo wanneer hy in dese woorden hem volkomen aldus afschetst. {Beschrijvingh van een waer Konst-oeffenaer.} Een Constenaer moet een omsichtig, mercksaem, daetveerdigh en kloeck vernuftigh Mensche zijn, welcke door de kennisse van verscheyde Wetenschappen een groot begrijp van alles is ingestort; want het en is niet wel mogelick dat yemant een aenmerck waerdige inventy souden konnen tevoorschijn brengen, ten sy saecke dat hem de voornaemste gronden der rechtsinnige geleertheyt van Kints beenen af zijn ingeprent:
[suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Junius describes the true Artist in a very different manner, when he describes him in such a way. {Description of a true Art-practitioner.} An Artist has to be a careful, attentive, decisive and alertly clever Man, who has been given a large understanding through the knowledge of various Sciences; because it is quite impossible that someone could bring forth a remarkable invention, unless he has been imprinted with the main grounds of the rightful learnedness from his early childhood on:
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Aengaende nu de meeste nuttigheyt diemen uyt het navolgen ende bestudeeren van oude ende geleerde stucken moet halen, is, datmen de Konst ende kracht van soodanige Schildery, aen sijne eygen Wercken leert toepassen, en daer in als sijn eygen Werck vertoont, dat is datmen de Deught van een beroemt Meesters Wercken, ontrent ende in een Nieuwe Inventy geleerdelijck oeffent. Hierom is ‘et datmen de Konst-stucken met geen losse, of loopende ooge mach besichten; {Gebruyck uyt het gene men in ’t Copieeren geleert heeft.} maer deselve wel nadencken, ende die bedenckingen andermael hervatten, de stucken in de handt nemen, en bespeculeeren die wel naeuwe door en door, op datmen alsoo na een veelvoudighe op-merckingh, de ware Deught der Konste ende geest door welke soodanigen Meester is geleyt geworden, verstaende, die ons selfs eygen kome te maken. Doet ‘er by dat daerom eenen Jongelingh ontrent de Konst van soodanigen navolgingh, sich moeste versien, met de hulpe ende onderwijsinge van een getrouw Leer-Meester, op dat hy ontrent het gheseyde, sijne onervaerne sinnen ende handen geleerdelijck bestieren mochte.
[suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Regarding the best use that one has to obtain from the imitation and study of old and learned pieces, one should learn to apply the Art and power of such a Painting to his own works, and show it as his own work, i.e. that one intelligently practices the Virtue of the Works of a famous Master regarding and in a New Invention. This is why one should never look at the Art works with a loose or moving eye; {Use from that which one has learned by Copying.} but think well about it and take up these considerations once again, taking the pieces in one’s hands and considering them closely through and through, so that one may appropriate after a multiple observation, understanding the true Virtue of Art and the spirit by which such a Master was driven. Add to this that this is why, regarding the Art of such imitation, a young man must ascertain himself, the assistance and education by a loyal Teacher, so that regarding that which has been said, he may guide his inexperienced senses and hands intelligently.
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Voor alle dingen moet oock een Meesterlijck Schilder wil hy eenen goeden naem behouden, seer na-denckende en omsichtigh in al sijn doen wesen, insonderheyt ontrent sijn Inventien, en by-een ordineeringe der Historyen, op dat hy niet alleen geen onmogelijcke of Konst-strijdige dingen voort en brenge; {Een Schilder moet omsichtig ende nadenkdende wesen.} maer dat hy doch in geenen deele dingen maeckt, van welcke, of de Luyden diese toehooren, of andere diese beschouwen sullen, eenen quaden uytlegh daer van doen komen, of oock buyten de Intenty vanden Schilder, oorsaeck van beschimpingh verleenen. Hierom is ‘et datmen sich altijdt wel vanden sin en waerheydt van sijn voornemen moet verseeckeren, datse op een goede meeninge, en in reden bestaende uytlegh gegrontvest is.
[suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Above all a Masterly Painter should also, if he wants to keep his good name, be very thoughtful and careful in all his behavior, especially with regard to his Inventions and the way he brings together the composition of his Histories, so that he would not only avoid to bring forth impossible things or those that go against Art; {A painter has to be careful and thoughtful.} but that in no case he would make things, about which the people to whom they belong or others who see them, would get a bad explanation from them, or also give cause for taunting outside the Intention of the Painter. Therefore one should always ascertain himself well of the meaning and truth of his plan, that it is based on a good opinion and an explanation consisting of reason.
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Elders wil hy, dat d'inventie niet verwaent, maer behoorlijk groots bevonden worde; niet afbreukich steyl, maer zachtelijk verheven; niet rokkeloos en onbezint, maer volkomentlijk krachtich; niet pijnelijk droevich, maer rijpmoedich straf; niet traechelijk lankzaem, maer stemmich bedaert; niet aelwaerdich dartel, maer heugelijk vreugdich, en zoo voort; waer meede hy te kennen geeft, datmen den middelwech voor den besten en zekersten moet houden.
[BLANC J, 2006, p. 303]
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