TEGENWOORDIGHEID (n. f.)
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[...], want ghelijck d’oprechte Konstenaers tot het werck worden aenghedreven door een krachtighe verbeeldinghe der dinghen die sy als teghenwoordigh aenschouwen, soo vindt men altijdt in haere wercken een klaer afdrucksel van dese verbeelde teghenwoordigheydt, daer vertoont sich selven allenthalven eenen levendighen Gheest die sich in de herten der beschouwers soo vaerdighlick uyt stort dat sy in 't beschouwen der Konste den selvighen inval deser teghenwoordigheydt gewaer worden die den werck-meester in 't wercken ghevoeldt.
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] …, because like the honest Artists are driven to work by a powerful imagining of the things which they view as present, thus one always finds a clear print of this imagined presence in their works, there a lively Spirit shows itself everywhere, which pours itself out so skillfully in the hearts of the beholders that they become aware of the same idea of presence which the master felt while working,
This section is not included in the first Latin edition (1637).
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Het grootste behulp onser Ordinantie is daer in gheleghen, dat wy de voorghestelde materie grondighlick verstaen, dat wy ’t ghene ons d’Inventie voord-draeght onophoudelick overlegghen onse ghedachten door de ghestaedigheyd deser oeffeninghe allengskens daer toe ghewennende, datse sich de waere teghenwoordigheyd der dinghen selver door den aendacht van een mercksaeme verbeeldinghe souden voor-stellen; want ons ghemoed en kan t’historische vervolgh der voorvallender materie soo haest niet vatten, of daer sal ons daedelick een vaerdighe en gantsch sekere maniere van Ordinantie den sin schieten. Doch hier moeten wy, om goed werck te maecken, wel toesien, dat wy al met den eersten tot den springh-ader van de Historie selver soecken te ghenaecken; ten eynde dat wy ’t volle bescheyd der gantsch saecke inghedroncken hebbende, ons selven ’t gheheele bewerp der materie t’effens moghten voor ooghen stellen: Want indien wy de saecke maer alleen ten halven ende verwarrelick insien ende begrijpen, het en wil noyt wouteren, daer sal immermeer ’t een of ’t ander ontbreken, en onse Dispositie sal noodwendighlick lam ende onvolmaeckt sijn. Het eerste dan ’t welck ons in desen moeyelicken arbeyd der Ordinantie staet waer te nemen, is daer in voornaemelick gheleghen, dat wy ’t gantsche vervolgh van een beeldenrijcke materie in onse ghedachten volkomenlick omvangen: Volght daer op dat wy de bysondere figuren der selviger materie door de verbeeldenskracht soo bescheydenlick aenschouwen, datse door gheswindigheyt onses werckenden geests tot haere eygene plaetsen vaerdighlick schijnen toe te loopen:
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] The largest assistance to our Ordinance lies therein, that we thoroughly understand the proposed matter, that we insistently consider that which the Invention proposes to us, accustoming our thoughts gradually to it through the steadiness of this practice, that it would imagine the true circumstances of things itself through the attention of a remarkable imagination; because our mind almost cannot grasp the historical sequence of the occurring matter, or there will immediately appear an apt and rather certain manner of Ordinance. Yet here we must, in order to make a good work, pay attention, that we attempt to immediately come to the origine of the History itself; in order that we may – after we have drank in the full record of the whole situation – quickly imagine the whole design of the matter: Because if we only realize and understand the half of the situation or in a confused way, it will never happen, something or else will always be lacking, and our Disposition will necessarily be lame and imperfect. The first thing that we have to observe in this difficult task of Ordinance, is that we fully catch the whole sequence of an ornate matter in our thoughts: It then follows that we watch the separate figures of the same matter so intently through our imagination, that it will appear to proficiently walk towards its own place through the rapidity of our working mind.
This section does not occur in the Latin edition of 1637. In the English edition, this paragraph is more concise and formulated in a different manner. The part after 'Het eerste dan 't welck ons...' is not included in the English edition. [MO]
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Alhoewel wy in de voorighe afdeylinghen wijdloopighlick genoeg hebben aengewesen, dat de schilderijen door ’t bequaeme by een voeghen der figuren veelsins worden gheholpen; so schijnt doch evewel de duydelickheyt, die somtijds oock d’uytdruckelickheyt ghehnaemt wordt, een van de voornaemste vruchten der Ordinantie te wesen. Want gelijck een goed ende omsightigh Konstenaer het gantsche beleyd sijner Dispositie uyt de kracht der fantasije ghewoon is the haelen, mids de gantsche geleghenheyd der materie sich selven als teghenwoordigh voorstellende; so plaght hy oock altijd een klaer en levendigh afdrucksel van dese verbeelde teghenwordigheyd soo krachtighlick in sijne wercken in te printen, dat d’aendachtighe aenschouwers door de duydelickheyt deser afbeeldinghen aengheleydt sijnde, even de selvighe verbeeldenskracht in haere herten schijnen te vernemen, die den werckenden Konstenaer wel eer in ’t schicken ende ’t by een voeghen der materie ghevoelt heeft, siet de laetste afdeylinge van ’t vierde Capittel onses eersten Boecks, alwaer wy den grond-slag van dit punt kortelick hebben aengheroert. De uytdruckelickheyt vereyscht dat men d’afgebeelde dinghen niet verkeerdelick voorstelle, maer achter volghens d’orden daer in de dinghen selver gheschiedt sijn, seght Aristides Rhetor de Civili orat. Cap. 10. De uytdruckelickheyd t’saemen ghevoeghd e en konstighlick in een ghevlochten dinghen, seght Lucianus [De Conscribe. historia}, moet over al in het gantsche werck uytschijnen; vant de volmaecktheyd des wercks voornamelick daer in gheleghen is.
[Suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] Although we have abundantly shown in the previous sections, that the paintings are helped significantly by the competent combining of figures; as such the clarity, which is sometimes also called the perspicuitys, appears to be one of the main fruits of the Ordinance. Because like a good and careful Artist is used to get the whole idea of his Disposition from the power of the fantasy, by imagining the whole circumstance of the matter to himself as if present; as such he also always tends imprint a clear and lively impression of this imagined presence so powerful in his mind, that the observant spectators, because of the clarity of this depiction, are incited to seemingly feel the same imagination in their hearts, which the Artist has felt earlier in the composing and combining of the matter, see the last section of the fourth Chapter of our first Book, where we have refered briefly to the principle of this point. The perspicuitys demands that one does not depict the depicted things incorrectly, but [NDR: instead] by following the order in which the things themselves happened, says Aristides (…). The perspicuitys of combined and artfully interwoven things, says Lucianus {…}, has to be clear everywhere in the whole work, because the perfection of the work mainly consists in this.
Junius explicitly mentions clarity (duidelijkheid) and perspicuity (uitdrukkelijkheid) as the result of a good composition or the right way of ordering the figures and subject matter in a painting. He explains that a good artist has imprinted the circumstances or presence (tegenwoordigheid) of the subject matter in his mind and will then instill this idea in the public. The Latin edition of 1637 only includes the citation from Lucian, the rest of the section is not present there. [MO]