VOLKOMEN (adj.)
TERM USED IN EARLY TRANSLATIONS
VOLLKOMMEN (deu.)FILTERS
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Soo kan men oock uyt het gene alreede geseyt is, sich versekeren, hoedanigh de leersame onderwijsingen, de natueren moeten te bate komen, om daer door, met alles wat tot een volkomen Konstenaer vereyst wert, de Natuerlijcke toe-genegentheydt te voltoyen; […] Insghelijcks moeten oock de Jonghelinghen ( van welckmen sich yets goets beloven mag) van een seer neerstigen ende arbeytsamen Geest zijn, opmerckende ende sinspeligh van gedachten, vol van fraye inbeeldingen ende fantasien.
Sy moeten arbeytsaem ende neerstigh wesen, om dieswille dat soodanige Konst noch om Gout noch Silver kan verkregen werden, maer alleen door een wercksame oeffeninge; voor welcke d’Oude plegen te seggen dat de Goden alle dingh verkoopen. Opmercksaemheyt van gedachten moetense hebben, om door ghewoonte van die daghelijcks te oeffenen, sterck van inbeeldinge te werden; ten eynde sy die allengskens tot het uytvoeren van haere hooghverhevene fantasien souden leeren in ’t werck stellen. {Watmen doen moet om sijn ghesteltheyt te verbeteren.} Hierom wil L. Davincy, dat een Jongh Schilder gheen dingen en mach versuymen, soo in het beschouwen der natuerlijcke voorwerpselen, ende bysondere voorvallen, als in het ondersoecken en overleggen van fraye Historyen, Poëtische verdichtselen, ende outheden, als anders; daer uyt hy niet yets en soude vinden, dat tot sijne study dienstig mogte zijn, om daer aen te gedencken: Gemerckt de inbeeldingen ende fantasien in ons gestelt zijn, als een Register, ofte aenwijser van ’t geen wy oyt met onse oogen gesien, ende met ons verstant begrepen hebben.
[suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] As such one can also ascertain oneself from that which has already been said, to which degree the instructive teachings have to profit nature, in order to complete the natural inclination with everything that is demanded from a perfect Artist; […] likewise the young men (of whom one may expect something good) have to be of a very diligent and laborious Mind, observing and clever of thoughts, full of pleasing imaginations and fantasies. They have to be laborious and diligent, while such an Art cannot be acquired with Gold or Silver, but only through a continuous practice; for which the Old tend to say that the Gods sell everything. The need to have percipience of thoughts, to become strong of imagination through the habit of practicing it daily; so that they will gradually learn to put it to use for the execution of their excellent fantasies. {What one should do to improve one’s condition.} Because of this Leonardo da Vinci demands that a Young Painter does not neglect anything, both in the observation of natural objects and specific events, as in the investigation and consideration of nice Histories, Poetic poetry and antiquity, and other things; from which he may find something, that could be useful for his study, to think of: As the imaginations and fantasies are placed within us, like a register, or indicator of that which we have one day seen with our eyes and understood with our mind.
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Indien staet zijnde, is het tijt om na eerlijck Gewin en Rijckdom om te sien. {3. Tijt van een groot Meester om Rijckdom te krijgen.} Soo ras men sich kan verseeckeren datmen door sijn gedane Neerstigheydt een volkomen Meester geworden is, die sonder alle hulp van andere onderwijsers alleen kan voort studeeren, en dat sijnen Naem daer by begint vermaert te werden, soo moetmen trachten sich selven over al in de gunste der Menschen in te dringhen; {Gunste der groote en Konstkenners.} insonderheyt meest ontrent de groote, als Koningen, Princen, Vorsten en Heeren, ende wel voornamentlijck by die, welcke door Liefde tot de Konst, de Konstenaer beminnen, ende deselve door rijckelijck te beloonen de handt boven ’t hooft houden: Oock omtrent verstandighe en Geleerde Heeren, die goede Konst-kenders zijn, ende u hier en daer konnen voor-draghen, en Recommanderen daer wat Meesterlijcks te maecken valt.
[suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] When one has arrived there, it is time to look after honest Profit and Wealth. {3. Period for a great Master to obtain Wealth.} As soon as one can be sure that he has become a perfect Master through his past Diligence, who can proceed his studies without any assistance of other teachers, and moreover that his name is starting to become famous, as such one should attempt to come into the favor of Men everywhere; {The favor of the great and the Connoisseurs.} especially with regard of the great such as Kings, Princes, Rulers and Lords, and principally with those who, for the Love of Art, love the Artist and protect him by rewarding him copiously: Also with regard to sensible and Learned Gentlemen, who are good Connoisseurs, and may be able to introduce you here and there and advice were something Masterly is to be made.
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{Nader bericht aengaende het Teyckenen na printen.} In ’t voor-by-gaen dient oock aen-gemerckt, dat wy niet en Ordeelen dat het Teyckenen na Printen absoluyt ongeraden is, neen seecker, maer wy seggen in tegendeel dat het voor die gene welcke alreede een goede handelingh hebben bekomen, en wat op haer eyghen beenen beginnen te staen, haer Werck wel mogen maecken van seer veel na Printen te Teyckenen, ja alles wat hun fraeys voor komt na te Teyckenen, en sonder op-houden daer na te studeeren; {Nuttigheyt hier van.} niet juyst geheele Printen (ten sy die dat waerdigh zijn) maer het gene daer bysonders mochte in wesen, ’t sy fraye Beelden, aerdighe en antique Kleedinghen die verstandigh en seecker gheployt zijn, wel-bedachte en Werckelijcke actien en wat dies meer is, daer toe nemenede de onkostelijcksten tijt, als Winterse-avonden en vroegen Morgen-stonden, insonderheydt alsmen den dagh tot andere studien, ’t sy van Ordineeren of Schilderen kan besteden; en dit moetmen alles te dien eynde doen, op datmen door het gheduerigh na teyckenen van fraye dinghen, vast en volkomen mochte worden, en den Geest allenghskens vol fraye gedachten drucken welcke maniere van doen evenwel van sommige (doch ten onrechten en sonder reden) wert tegen gesproocken.
[suggested translation, Marije Osnabrugge:] {More information regarding drawing after prints.} In passing we should also remark that we do not believe that the Drawing after Prints is completely unadvisable, certainly not, but we say to the contrary that for those who have already obtained a good manner, and are starting to stand on their own two feet, they may certainly focus on drawing a lot after prints, yes drawing after everything that seems beautiful to them, without limitations; {Use of this.} not necessarily whole Prints (unless they are worth it) but those things that are special in them, be it beautiful Figures, nice and antique Clothing that are sensibly and convincingly folded, well-conceived and True actions and what else, taking free time for it, such as Winter evenings and early mornings, especially if one can dedicate the daytime to other studies, either Composing or Painting; and one should do all this with the objective that one might become steady and perfect through lengthily drawing after beautiful things, and imprint the Mind gradually full of beautiful thoughts, which manner of doing is still opposed (albeit undeservedly and without reason) by some.
Goeree discerns different types of drawing and gives ample advice and commentary. Here he discusses the practice of drawing after prints. This section is rather different in the English translation. [MO]